Title 17 · WY

17-16-620.

Citation: Wyo. Stat. § 17-16-620

Section: 17-16-620

17-16-620.

(b) Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a shareholder of a corporation is not personally liable for the acts or debts of the corporation except that he may become personally liable by reason of his own acts or conduct. 17-16-623. Share dividends.

(a) Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, shares may be issued pro rata and without consideration to the corporation's shareholders or to the shareholders of one (1) or more classes or series. An issuance of shares under this subsection is a share dividend.

(b) Shares of one (1) class or series may not be issued as a share dividend in respect of shares of another class or series unless:

(i) The articles of incorporation so authorize;

(ii) A majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the class or series to be issued approve the issue; or

(iii) There are no outstanding shares of the class or series to be issued.

(c) If the board of directors does not fix the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a share dividend, it is the date the board of directors authorizes the share dividend.

17-16-624. Share options.

(a) A corporation may issue rights, options, or warrants for the purchase of shares of the corporation. The board of directors shall determine the terms upon which the rights, options, or warrants are issued and the terms, including the consideration for which the shares are to be issued. The authorization by the board of directors for the corporation to issue the rights, options or warrants constitutes authorization of the issuance of the shares or other securities for which the rights, options or warrants are exercisable.

(b) The terms and conditions of such rights, options or warrants, including those outstanding on July 1, 2009, may include, without limitation, restrictions or conditions that:

(i) Preclude or limit the exercise, transfer or receipt of such rights, options or warrants by any person owning or offering to acquire a specified number or percentage of the outstanding shares or other securities of the corporation or by any transferee of any such person; or (ii) Invalidate or void the rights, options or warrants held by any such person or transferee.

17-16-625. Form and content of certificates.

(a) Shares may but need not be represented by certificates. Unless this act or another statute expressly provides otherwise, the rights and obligations of shareholders are identical whether or not their shares are represented by certificates.

(b) At a minimum each share certificate shall state on its face:

(i) The name of the issuing corporation and that it is organized under the law of this state;

(ii) The name of the person to whom, or in the case of a certificate token, the data address to which the token was issued; and

(iii) The number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, the certificate represents.

(c) If the issuing corporation is authorized to issue different classes of shares or different series within a class, the designations, relative rights, preferences, and limitations applicable to each class and the variations in rights, preferences, and limitations determined for each series, and the authority of the board of directors to determine variations for future series, shall be summarized on the front or back of each certificate. Alternatively, each certificate may state conspicuously on its front or back that the corporation will furnish the shareholder this information on request in writing and without charge.

(d) Except as otherwise provided by subsection (g) of this section, each share certificate:

(i) Shall be signed, either manually or in facsimile, by two (2) officers designated in the bylaws or by the board of directors; and

(ii) May bear the corporate seal or its facsimile. (e) If the person who signed a share certificate no longer holds office when the certificate is issued, the certificate is nevertheless valid.

(f) In no case shall a corporation issue share certificates in bearer form. For purposes of this subsection "bearer form" means a form in which the certificate is payable to the bearer of the certificate according to its terms but not by reason of an endorsement. If a corporation formed under this act or qualified to do business under this act has bearer shares outstanding, the entity shall conform those shares to comply with this section on or before October 1, 2007. Failure to do so shall be prima facie evidence of an ultra vires act pursuant to W.S. 17-16-304.

(g) The articles of incorporation or bylaws of a corporation may specify that all or a portion of the shares of the corporation may be represented by share certificates in the form of certificate tokens. The electronic message, command or transaction that transmits the certificate tokens to the data address to which a certificate token was issued shall be authorized at the time of issuance by one (1) or more messages, commands or transactions signed with the network signatures of two (2) officers designated in the bylaws or by the board of directors of the corporation.

(h) As used in this section:

(i) "Blockchain" means a digital ledger or database which is chronological, consensus based, decentralized and mathematically verified in nature;

(ii) "Certificate token" means a representation of shares that is stored in an electronic format which contains the information specified under subsections (b) and (c) of this section, and this information is:

(A) Entered into a blockchain or other secure, auditable database;

(B) Linked to or associated with the certificate token; and

(C) Able to be transmitted electronically to the issuing corporation, the person to whom the certificate token was issued and any transferee. 17-16-626. Shares without certificates.

(a) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, the board of directors of a corporation may authorize the issue of some or all of the shares of any or all of its classes or series without certificates. The authorization does not affect shares already represented by certificates until they are surrendered to the corporation.

(b) Within a reasonable time after the issue or transfer of shares without certificates, the corporation shall give the shareholder a written statement of the information required on certificates by W.S. 17-16-625(b) and (c), and, if applicable, W.S. 17-16-627.

17-16-627. Restriction on transfer of shares and other securities.

(a) The articles of incorporation, bylaws, an agreement among shareholders, or an agreement between shareholders and the corporation may impose restrictions on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of the corporation. A restriction does not affect shares issued before the restriction was adopted unless the holders of the shares are parties to the restriction agreement or voted in favor of the restriction.

(b) A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares is valid and enforceable against the holder or a transferee of the holder if the restriction is authorized by this section and its existence is noted conspicuously on the front or back of the certificate or is contained in the information statement required by W.S. 17-16-626(b). Unless so noted or contained, a restriction is not enforceable against a person without knowledge of the restriction.

(c) A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares is authorized:

(i) To maintain the corporation's status when it is dependent on the number or identity of its shareholders;

(ii) To preserve exemptions under federal or state securities law; or

(iii) For any other reasonable purpose. (d) A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares may:

(i) Obligate the shareholder first to offer the corporation or other persons, separately, consecutively, or simultaneously, an opportunity to acquire the restricted shares;

(ii) Obligate the corporation or other persons, separately, consecutively, or simultaneously, to acquire the restricted shares;

(iii) Require the corporation, the holders of any class of its shares, or another person to approve the transfer of the restricted shares, if the requirement is not manifestly unreasonable; or

(iv) Prohibit the transfer of the restricted shares to designated persons or classes of persons, if the prohibition is not manifestly unreasonable.

(e) For purposes of this section, "shares" includes a security convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe for or acquire shares.

17-16-628. Expense of issue.

A corporation may pay the expenses of selling or underwriting its shares, and of organizing or reorganizing the corporation, from the consideration received for shares.

C. Subsequent Acquisition of Shares by Shareholders and Corporation

17-16-630. Shareholders' preemptive rights.

(a) The shareholders of a corporation do not have a preemptive right to acquire the corporation's unissued shares except to the extent the articles of incorporation so provide.

(b) A statement included in the articles of incorporation that "the corporation elects to have preemptive rights," or words of similar import, means that the following principles apply except to the extent the articles of incorporation expressly provide otherwise:

(i) The shareholders of the corporation have a preemptive right, granted on uniform terms and conditions prescribed by the board of directors to provide a fair and reasonable opportunity to exercise the right, to acquire proportional amounts of the corporation's unissued shares upon the decision of the board of directors to issue them;

(ii) A shareholder may waive his preemptive right. A waiver evidenced by a writing is irrevocable even though it is not supported by consideration;

(iii) There is no preemptive right with respect to:

(A) Shares issued as compensation to directors, officers, agents, or employees of the corporation, its subsidiaries or affiliates;

(B) Shares issued to satisfy conversion or option rights created to provide compensation to directors, officers, agents, or employees of the corporation, its subsidiaries or affiliates;

(C) Shares authorized in articles of incorporation that are issued within six (6) months from the effective date of incorporation; or

(D) Shares sold otherwise than for money.

(iv) Holders of shares of any class without general voting rights but with preferential rights to distributions or assets have no preemptive rights with respect to shares of any class;

(v) Holders of shares of any class with general voting rights but without preferential rights to distributions or assets have no preemptive rights with respect to shares of any class with preferential rights to distributions or assets unless the shares with preferential rights are convertible into or carry a right to subscribe for or acquire shares without preferential rights;

(vi) Shares subject to preemptive rights that are not acquired by shareholders may be issued to any person for a period of one (1) year after being offered to shareholders at a consideration set by the board of directors that is not lower than the consideration set for the exercise of preemptive rights. An offer at a lower consideration or after the expiration of one (1) year is subject to the shareholders' preemptive rights. (c) For purposes of this section, "shares" includes a security convertible into or carrying a right to subscribe for or acquire shares.

17-16-631. Corporation's acquisition of its own shares.

(a) A corporation may acquire its own shares and shares so acquired constitute authorized but unissued shares.

(b) If the articles of incorporation prohibit the reissue of the acquired shares, the number of authorized shares is reduced by the number of shares acquired.

(c) The board of directors may adopt articles of amendment effecting the provisions of this section under article 10 of this act without shareholder action and deliver them to the secretary of state for filing.

D. Distributions

17-16-640. Distributions to shareholders.

(a) A board of directors may authorize and the corporation may make distributions to its shareholders subject to restriction by the articles of incorporation and the limitation in subsection (c) of this section.

(b) If the board of directors does not fix the record date for determining shareholders entitled to a distribution, other than one (1) involving a purchase, redemption, or other acquisition of the corporation's shares, it is the date the board of directors authorizes the distribution.

(c) No distribution may be made if, after giving it effect:

(i) The corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business; or

(ii) The corporation's total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus (unless the articles of incorporation permit otherwise) the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution. (d) The board of directors may base a determination that a distribution is not prohibited under subsection (c) of this section either on financial statements prepared on the basis of accounting practices and principles that are reasonable in the circumstances or on a fair valuation or other method that is reasonable in the circumstances.

(e) Except as provided in subsection (g) of this section, the effect of a distribution under subsection (c) of this section is measured:

(i) In the case of distribution by purchase, redemption, or other acquisition of the corporation's shares, as of the earlier of:

(A) The date money or other property is transferred or debt incurred by the corporation; or

(B) The date the shareholder ceases to be a shareholder with respect to the acquired shares.

(ii) In the case of any other distribution of indebtedness, as of the date the indebtedness is distributed; and

(iii) In all other cases, as of:

(A) The date the distribution is authorized if the payment occurs within one hundred twenty (120) days after the date of authorization; or

(B) The date the payment is made if it occurs more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date of authorization.

(f) A corporation's indebtedness to a shareholder incurred by reason of a distribution made in accordance with this section is at parity with the corporation's indebtedness to its general, unsecured creditors except to the extent subordinated by agreement.

(g) Indebtedness of a corporation, including indebtedness issued as a distribution, is not considered a liability for purposes of determinations under subsection (c) of this section if its terms provide that payment of principal and interest are made only if and to the extent that payment of a distribution to shareholders could then be made under this section. If the indebtedness is issued as a distribution, each payment of principal or interest is treated as a distribution, the effect of which is measured on the date the payment is actually made.

(h) This section shall not apply to distributions in liquidation under article 14 of this act.

ARTICLE 7 - SHAREHOLDERS

A. Meetings

17-16-701. Annual meeting.

(a) Unless directors are elected by written consent in lieu of an annual meeting as permitted by W.S. 17-16-704, a corporation shall hold a meeting of shareholders annually at a time stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws.

(b) Annual shareholders' meetings may be held in or out of this state at the place stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws. If no place is stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws, annual meetings shall be held at the corporation's principal office. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held by means of remote communication. The board shall take into consideration stockholders' ability to participate by remote communication and provide an alternative means of participation for those stockholders unable to participate by remote communication. If authorized by the board of directors in its sole discretion, and subject to guidelines and procedures the board of directors may adopt, stockholders and proxies not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication:

(i) Participate in a meeting of stockholders; and

(ii) Be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether the meeting is held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxy. The corporations shall implement reasonable measures to provide the stockholders and proxies a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with the proceeding. If any stockholder or proxy votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of the vote or other action shall be maintained by the corporation.

(c) The failure to hold an annual meeting at the time stated in or fixed in accordance with a corporation's bylaws does not affect the validity of any corporate action.

17-16-702. Special meeting.

(a) A corporation shall hold a special meeting of shareholders:

(i) On call of its board of directors or the person or persons authorized to do so by the articles of incorporation or bylaws; or

(ii) If the holders of at least ten percent (10%) of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the proposed special meeting sign, date, and deliver to the corporation one (1) or more written demands for the meeting describing the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held, provided that the articles of incorporation may fix a lower percentage or a higher percentage not exceeding twenty- five percent (25%) of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a written demand for a special meeting may be revoked by a writing to that effect received by the corporation prior to the receipt by the corporation of demands sufficient in number to require the holding of a special meeting.

(b) If not otherwise fixed under W.S. 17-16-703 or